Sarah Zhang

Sarah Zhang

Senior Online Fellow

Sarah Zhang is a senior online fellow at Mother Jones. Before moving to San Francisco, she wrote for Discover Magazine in New York and did research on fruit flies in Israel.

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Quick Reads: "What's a Dog For?" by John Homans

| Wed Nov. 28, 2012 4:03 AM PST

What's a Dog For?

By John Homans

PENGUIN PRESS

The spayed and shampooed apartment-dwelling puppy has come a long way from its wolf ancestors. John Homans, a dog lover and executive editor of New York magazine, retraces that journey from Darwin's study of canine emotions to puppy mills to a canine-science conclave in Vienna. The book covers doggie consciousness and evolution, but Homans hits his stride on topics like the red-state (pro)/blue-state (con) divide over euthanasia and the aristocratic origins of canine pedigree. Sprinkled throughout are charming anecdotes that will delight dog lovers and even likely appeal to die-hard cat people.

This review originally appeared in our November/December issue of Mother Jones.

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Thanksgiving Longreads: What Lab Creation Are You Eating?

| Wed Nov. 21, 2012 4:17 PM PST

1947 Spam ad featuring pineapple and BBQ sauce. Yum?1947 Spam ad featuring pineapple and BBQ sauce. Yum? James Vaughan /Flickr

longreadsFor the past hundred years or so, the food industry has used the laws of chemistry to beat nature into submission. Apples that don't brown! Bread that rises to ethereal heights! Twinkies that last forever!

But Twinkie-makers do not last forever, and while feats of laboratory science were once hailed as progress, foodie culture has since turned against convenience and long shelf lives. These longreads explore how science and marketing have shaped our perceptions of what we eat. Tuck in.

For more long stories from Mother Jones check out our longreads archive. And, of course, if you're not following @longreads and @motherjones on Twitter yet, get on that.


Twelve Easy Pieces (Apples)| Jon Mooallem | New York Times Magazine | February 2006

As the famous mind behind a different type of Apple product once said, "People don't know what they want until you show it to them." So while it may seem preposterous that a simple apple is too inconvenient to eat, makers of pre-sliced apples think they're onto something.

For years, suspicion has been growing in the orchards of the Wenatchee Valley in Washington State and in the food industry at large that fruit, nature's original hand-held convenience food, is simply too poorly designed for today's busy eater. The apple, for instance: whatever it has meant to Americans over the years—from mom's pie to the little red schoolhouse—getting our mouths around one has also apparently meant some unspoken aggravation. Next to a banana or a grape, it's a daunting strongbox of a fruit, prohibitively so for anyone with braces or dentures; and even if you can break in, there's no guarantee a given apple will eat as sweet as it looks.

Meningitis Pharmacy Update: Live Bird, Bugs Found in Sister Facility That Packaged Sterile Drugs

| Mon Nov. 19, 2012 3:51 PM PST
needle

Water dripping from leaks, bugs, and a flying bird are just a few of the troubling things discovered in an FDA inspection of Ameridose's sterile drug manufacturing facility, which has been shut down since October 10 after its sister company, the New England Compounding Center (NECC), was implicated in the meningistis outbreak that has since killed 32 people. (Read our explainer to get up to speed on the outbreak.) Ameridose and NECC are both owned by the members of the Conigliaro familiy of Massachusetts.

Investigations in the wake of the meningistis outbreak revealed sterility problems at the NECC facility that made the tainted steroid injections. As scrutiny turned to its larger sister company, Ameridose followed NECC in shutting down production and recalling all of its products.

At the Forefront of America's Health Care Battle: "The Waiting Room"

| Thu Oct. 18, 2012 12:40 PM PDT
nurseHighland Hospital nurse Cynthia Jackson.

To understand the stakes of America's health care debate, you don't need a trip to the Supreme Court—you could visit the emergency room of a public hospital instead. In the 24 hours chronicled by The Waiting Room, 241 patients pass through the ER. Some are young, others are old, a few are bleeding, many are chronically ill—nearly all of them are uninsured.

Emmy-award winning filmmaker Pete Nicks' fly-on-the-wall documentary never mentions Obamacare or any other policy topic, but the stories he tells are a powerful indictment of a broken health care system. The film is set at Highland Hospital in Oakland, California. Nicks has been wanting to make a documentary at Highland ever since he was fresh out of Berkeley j-school, around the same time his wife took a job as a speech pathologist at Highland. He had spent months on a storytelling project with patients in the hospital's waiting room before filming this documentary. 

Nicks sat down with us in San Francisco, where the film will premiere this Friday. Click here for a list of where The Waiting Room will be screened. 

Mother Jones: It struck me in the film that saving lives isn't necessarily about these heroics in the surgery room; it's about helping patients navigate this huge bureaucracy. You have scenes where an administrator is telling a young man how to pay for surgery and a doctor trying to figure whether the drug addict he's discharging has safe place to go—

Pete Nicks International Film CircuitPete Nicks International Film CircuitPN: Yeah, it's more than a health care film. It's about a community that for generations has dealt with societal issues. People say that safety net hospitals are where social experiments go to die. You see a lot of homelessness, mental illness, unemployment—it's the manifestation of a lot of our social challenges. Health is just one piece of that.

MJ: You shot this documentary over five months but when you watch it, it comes across as one day in the hospital. Why did you decide to do that? 

PN: The story of Highland is the waiting room fills up, the staff tries to clear it, and the next morning it fills right up again. We thought it was important to give the audience that sense of a relentless tide. For doctors it's like shoveling sand against the tide. The film doesn't have a main character, but there is an antagonist, and that antagonist is the system. It's a system that’s left an entire community under-resourced and patients flooding the waiting rooms seeking primary care.

MJ: Highland is known for its trauma unit and treating many gunshot victims, but you don't focus on that.

Fungi, Regulatory Loopholes, and Scott Brown: The Meningitis Outbreak Explained

| Thu Oct. 18, 2012 3:08 AM PDT
brain MRI

You've probably heard by now that an outbreak of fungal meningitis caused by contaminated steroid injections has killed 20 people and sickened 257 more as of Wednesday. The contaminated steroid—injected into the spine as a routine treatment for back pain—originated at the New England Compounding Center (NECC) in Massachusetts.

The deadly outbreak has also exposed lax oversight of compounding pharmacies, which fall into the hazy area between federal and state laws. Lawmakers are now calling for tougher regulation of these facilities that mix and distribute drugs. Past attempts at regulation have been stymied by lobbying and opposition from the compounding pharmacy industry.

So what is meningitis?

Meningitis is an infection of membranes around the brain and spinal cord. It's usually caused by bacteria or viruses, but fungi are at the root of this outbreak. Left untreated, the fungal infection can cause strokes and brain damage. The good news: fungal meningitis is not contagious.

Who got the contaminated steroid injections? 

The outbreak has been traced to three lots of methylprednisolone acetate administered between July 30 and September 18, and the CDC estimates some 14,000 patients may have been exposed. On Monday, the FDA announced it was also looking into possible contamination of two other products from the same company: another injectable steroid called triamcinolone acetonide as well as cardioplegic solution, which is used in open heart surgery. 

Symptoms of fungal meningitis take one to four weeks to appear. According to the CDC, symptoms including new or worsening headache, fever, sensitivity to light, stiff neck, weakness, and numbness.

The CDC has a map of states that received the contaminated steroid as well as a comprehensive list of health clinics that administered it. 

Meningitis cases as of 10/18.  CDCMeningitis cases as of 10/18. CDC

 

Where did the fungus come from? 

The CDC and FDA are still investigating. In the meantime, New England Compounding Center has issued a voluntary recall of all 1200 of its pharmaceutical products made in its Framingham, MA facility. An early report identified the culprit to be a common fungus called Aspergillus, but state health officials in Tennessesse have since zeroed in on another rarer fungus known as Exserohilum. State health commissioner Dr. John Dreyzehner called Exserohilum "a fungus so rare that most physicians never see it in a lifetime of practicing medicine." Both fungi are common in the environment but don't usually cause health problems.

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