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*Czars

CZARS....Hilzoy is pleased by one of Barack Obama's recent decisions:

I was absolutely thrilled by one fact in this post: the claim that Obama and his team do not plan to use the word 'czar'.

Thank heavens. We've had drug czars, energy czars; we may yet get a car czar. I'm tired of czars. And why czars, anyways?

Hmmm. Where did this whole czar business come from, anyway? My first recollection of it is Richard Nixon appointing an "energy czar" — in response to oil production peaking in the United States, by the way, not the Arab oil embargo — but a quick glance through Nexis shows several earlier uses. The first one I found was in 1969, when New York City controller Abraham Beame apparently decided the city needed to appoint a "construction czar" to get schools built more quickly. If Nexis went back further, I'd probably find earlier examples.

The usage is pretty obvious — a czar is a ruthless, absolute monarch who can shred the bureaucracy and get things done — but when did it first pop into use to describe a political appointee of some kind? Anyone have examples from earlier than 1969?

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Thomas Brackett Reed, (October 18, 1839 ? December 7, 1902), occasionally ridiculed as Czar Reed, was a U.S. Representative from Maine, and Speaker of the House from 1889?1891 and from 1895?1899. He was a powerful leader of the Republican party but was unable to stop the Spanish-American War. [from wikipaedia]

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As long as they're not all Czarred with the same brush.

It's a hideous word. And wasn't there something in the last post about Daschle as "health czar?"

Signed,
Thersites the Bronze Keyboard Czar.

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I'm pretty sure Russia used the term Czar awhile ago, like in the 1800s.

It is a pity Hitler ruined "Kaiser" for all time. Maybe we could slip a Caesar in and people wouldn't notice if we used the proper Latin pronunciation.

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Having access to the Oxford English Dictionary Online at work always helps to find earlier examples:

1933 - state beer "Czar"
1942 - war production czar
1959 - "czar" of transportation

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From September 1, 1926, New York Times:
CITY MILK DEALERS TO APPOINT A'CZAR'

Determined to "clean house" and obtain the favorable opinion of the public, the Milk Chamber of Commerce, an organization of Independent milk dealers in New York, has decided to appoint a supreme arbiter of the industry who will work on lines similar to those of Will Hays in the motion-picture field.

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They could at least use the more accurate transliteration "Tsar."

I'm pretty sure Russia used the term Czar awhile ago, like in the 1800s.

More like 1400's - 1917

.

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Thomas Brackett Reed, (October 18, 1839 – December 7, 1902), occasionally ridiculed as Czar Reed, was a U.S. Representative from Maine, and Speaker of the House from 1889–1891 and from 1895–1899. He was a powerful leader of the Republican party but was unable to stop the Spanish-American War. [from wikipaedia]

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It was often accompanied with a royal T . As you no doubt recall that , Without Tsarina Tsarina doesn't mean a natural born thing .

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spork,

There was a "Russia" before the 1800s? Wow, who knew?

It is interesting that the term Czar was used pejoratively until shortly after the fall of the Czar(Tsar). I guess that makes sense, sort of.

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Many Russian words were adopted by English during the Cold War. Apparatchik, comrade and ruble were commonly used by the popular media in the late Fifties.

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Add to my comments in #3, above:

Food Czar
The Washington Post, Dec 8, 1942, p.12

Executive orders creating new czars to control various aspects of our wartime economy have come so thick and fast in the last week that it is difficult for the public to remember all of them. In rapid succession we have acquired a petroleum czar, a manpower czar, and a food czar. These, of course, were added to a long list of other super-executives directing war production, economic stabilization, price fixing, transportation, and so forth. So far as we can determine, the galaxy of czars is now complete, unless the President should decide to appoint a czar over the czars.

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Obama may be eschewing the term "czar", but it doesn't look like the media will let it die. MSNBC just reported today's Obama picks, including "Carol Browner, Energy 'Czar'".

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Can we also dump the whole "-gate" thing for scandals?

That is getting so old and ever more stupid.

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Darn it, ET,
I was looking forward to the first Czargate scandal. Killjoy.

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Next: let's stop with "Homeland". Never heard it used in connection with US until Bush-Cheney. Creeps me out.

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Actually, in English we like to use words derived from Asian political offices to denote people with enormous, unspecified powers--czar, mogul, and tycoon are all examples. They idea is to evoke stereotypes about "Oriental despotism," I suppose.

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Am I the only person old enough to remember this? Sigh...

During the first oil crisis back in 1973-74, Nixon appointed Bill Simon head of the Federal Energy Office (this was before we had a Department of Energy). Simon was christened "the energy czar" and was given pretty sweeping authority. He did things like put price controls on oil and instituted even/odd day gasoline rationing. He also took a liking to the term and often referred to himself as a "czar" and the term took hold in the popular consciousness, including, as I remember, regular appearances in Doonesbury.

So while the term may have been used prior to that, it was Simon who set the pattern. This became even more ingrained when Jimmy Carter appointed his own "energy czar" (James Schlesinger) a few years later.

Here are a couple references on the subject

http://articles.latimes.com/2000/jun/04/local/me-37328

http://www.reason.com/news/show/130026.html

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Karl,

As far as stereotypes go I'm pretty sure Orientals were 'cunning' and 'inscrutable.'

I've got a book of "10,000 Jokes" printed in the sixties and the stereotypes were rampant and certainly not limited to 'Orientals.'

I second and third Wes on "homeland." That word is creepy creepy creepy.

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According to etymonline.com: "The transferred sense of "person with dictatorial powers" is first recorded 1866, Amer.Eng., initially in ref. to President Andrew Johnson."

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Can we kill "Homeland" while we're at it? I know we're all socialist comrades now, but this still ain't Russia.

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"Homeland" evokes the Third Reich, which might explain why it's creepy. Funny how much like the 3d Reich the Bush administration has been.

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Stalin first used 'Motherland' in his radio address to the Soviet nation after the invasion by Nazi Germany. Hitler had been using 'Fatherland' before that. W's 'Homeland' echoes both, which is why it should creep Americans out.

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So we won't get a Homeland Czar? I know it sounds creepy, but I'll bet his/her personal guard detachment would get to wear really cool uniforms.

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Are any uniforms cooler than New Jersey's state police?

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If not a Czar, how about Czarina and all her little Czardines?

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I agree with all on "Homeland". It is creepy. Think Stalin, Hitler, Bush and Cheney.

And under Bush, there was insufficient "Homeland" protection and too much creepy.

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I think I read somewhere that "czar" is from Polish. "Tsar" is Russian.

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Czar is the Russian for Ceasar
(as is Kaiser)

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The OED traces this particular usage back to 1933 in Samuel Walker's Nightclub Era: "There are several versions of why Mulrooney quit the job to become the state beer 'Czar'."

A related usage in the sense of a powerful political person who is not in fact king of all the Russias is traced to 1866 in Sperber and Trittusch's American Political Terms: "There wuz an immense crowd, but the Czar uv all the Amerikas didn't get orf his speech here."

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"Obama may be eschewing the term 'czar', but it doesn't look like the media will let it die."

An obvious theory: Politicians do not generally call themselves or their appointees czars but journalists cling to the word because it is short and exotic and fits easily into newspaper headlines, sound bites, and cliched minds.

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