Sunscam
Think sunscreen protects against cancer? Think again.
Years ago, I read a news story about a guy who owned a fleet of cement-mixer trucks that supplied concrete for road construction in his area. He was also active in community affairs and won all sorts of citizenship awards. Then some financial analyst noticed that the community devoted an unusually large proportion of its budget to roadwork. It turned out that the man routinely overloaded his trucks. The trucks cracked the roads they traveled on, which guaranteed his company a steady stream of business. An elegant scam.
I think about that guy every spring when the Skin Cancer Foundation (SCF) makes its annual appeal to the public to use sunscreen. As people heed their warning this year, few will remember the report that made headlines in February. According to a survey of new research by epidemiologist Marianne Berwick of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, there is no evidence that sunscreen offers any real protection against malignant melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer. "It's not safe to rely on sunscreen," Berwick told the press.
The SCF promptly refuted her findings in a press release, telling consumers that "sunscreen should continue to be an integral part of a comprehensive program" to prevent melanoma. That's what most people will likely hear from their dermatologists as well. What they won't learn is that dermatologists get much of their information from the SCF, and the SCF, in turn, is heavily supported by the sunscreen industry. (A sunscreen manufacturer even funded SCF's quarterly consumer publication, "Sun and Skin News.") No wonder the foundation doesn't give much credence to the growing number of studies showing that even so-called broad-spectrum sunscreen doesn't prevent melanoma. Like the road-destroying trucks that guaranteed work for the concrete company, rising melanoma rates scare people into using more sunscreen.
In a 1993 Mother Jones article ("Beach Bummer," May/June), I reported that sunscreen may actually contribute to skin cancer. It prolongs people's time in the sun by preventing the only natural melanoma warning system human skin has—sunburn. Berwick didn't go that far, but in noting the mounting evidence against sunscreen, she credited Mother Jones for its reporting.
What's changed in the five years since our report? More studies prove this link, melanoma rates are rising about 6 percent each year, and sunscreen sales are continuing to climb.
Sunscreen makers and the SCF have engaged in a cynical sleight of hand by claiming that sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer. There are three main kinds of skin cancer: basal cell, squamous cell, and malignant melanoma. The first two are common (about 1 million cases a year) and almost always medically minor. The American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute don't even count them in the nation's cancer statistics. Melanoma is much less common (40,300 diagnoses last year), but often fatal (7,300 deaths).
Basal cell and squamous cell skin cancer are caused primarily by UV-B light, the kind that causes sunburn, and there's credible evidence that sunscreen helps prevent those two types of cancer (as well as offers protection against premature aging of skin). The Food and Drug Administration's SPF (or sun protection factor) rating program measures UV-B protection. But most sunscreens do not offer protection against UV-A, the harmful, longer-wavelength UV light. UV-A penetrates right through the outer skin—and through sunscreen—down to the melanocytes, the cells that become cancerous in melanoma cases. In one study that proved this point, researchers at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, induced melanoma in fish by exposing them to both UV-B and UV-A sunlight. They concluded: "Sunscreens effective in the UV-B region...would not protect against melanoma."
But when people hear the term skin cancer, they think melanoma. That's because when sunscreen labels claim that the product can protect people from skin cancer, consumers don't differentiate melanoma from basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers.
Until around 1950, melanoma was rare. then its incidence increased slowly until the mid-1960s, when it accelerated into the current epidemic. The standard, pro-sunscreen explanation is that, like lung cancer, the disease has a long lag time, on the order of 20 years. Americans began sunbathing in earnest in the 1950s, and as a result, the melanoma epidemic hit in the 1970s. But even a cursory look at the history of sunbathing washes this explanation away faster than a sand castle in a hurricane. Ask any elderly person you know. Beaches around the country were jammed on summer weekends in the 1930s. Why didn't a melanoma epidemic hit the Depression generation 20 years later? Why did it take until the mid-1970s for the epidemic to strike? Sunscreen promoters offer no clue.
Meanwhile, ever since the melanoma rate began soaring, health authorities have exhorted us to use sunscreen. Americans have clearly taken this advice to heart. Sales figures jumped from $18 million in 1972 to $500 million in 1996. If melanoma has a 20-year lag time and sunscreen is protective, the melanoma rate should have started to level off by now. Instead, it's climbing. In 1980, an American's lifetime melanoma risk was 1 in 250. Today, it's 1 in 84.
Now take a closer look at the presumption that melanoma has a long lag time. The research indicates that the lag time could be as low as two years. Lung cancer, heart disease, and other conditions with long lag times are diagnosed at a steady rate year-round. Summer brings no more diagnoses than winter because over, say, 20 years, seasonal distinctions blur. Melanoma diagnoses, on the other hand, do reflect seasonality. At least five studies of melanoma (in Hawaii, the continental U.S., Sweden, Norway, and England and Wales) all agree that melanoma diagnoses follow a seasonal pattern, showing up at a considerably higher rate in summer than in winter. Seasonality is a hallmark of biological events with short lag times.
Given that melanoma was rare until 1950, and that melanoma may have a lag time of only two to five years, then something about our relationship with UV light must have changed a few years before the melanoma rate began inching up in the early 1950s.
Consider sunscreen. It was first introduced in the early 1940s as tanning lotion. The idea was that if you could stay in the sun without burning, you'd tan. A few years later, the melanoma rate began to rise. Improved tanning lotions came on the market in the early 1960s, and a few years after that, the melanoma rate zoomed up. Public health authorities became concerned, and melanoma became news. Seeing a commercial opportunity, the makers of tanning lotions repositioned their products as "sunscreen," and the now familiar sermonizing began. Since then, melanoma has become the nation's fastest-rising cancer and sunscreen sales have continued to climb. Ozone depletion may play a role in the higher melanoma rate, as some scientists say, but melanoma cases began to go up long before ozone depletion became an issue.
In recent years, it has become clear that to prevent melanoma, sunscreen must do more than block UV-B rays—it must also protect against UV-A. As a result, sunscreen makers have tinkered with their formulas, and now most claim that their products provide broad-spectrum UV-A and UV-B coverage. Sounds good, but it's actually another sleight of hand on the part of sunscreen manufacturers. Only one ingredient, avobenzone, is "clearly proven" to block UV-A sunlight, and according to FDA spokeswoman Ivy Kupec, the FDA doesn't require its inclusion in sunscreens in order for manufacturers to claim that their products offer broad-spectrum protection. ("I guess there's an inconsistency," she notes.) Kupec added that manufacturers "could still say [their product] protects against UV-A, because they can do it until we tell them not to." So much for regulatory protection.
Even if sunscreen blocked UV-A completely, almost no one uses it in the way that grants real protection against sunburn. For sunscreen to live up to its hype, you have to slop it on real thick and reapply it every few hours. We're talking at least one full bottle per person per day at the beach. Meanwhile, the vast majority of sunscreen users apply a thin layer once or twice.
The only proven way to prevent melanoma is to cover up. Our forebears did so in the days before sunscreen. Clearly it worked because melanoma was so rare. It's also what people now do in Australia. White Australians come largely from light-skinned British/Irish stock. Queensland province, in northeastern Australia, has the highest melanoma rate in the world, but as the SCF proudly pointed out when it rebutted Berwick's study, melanoma rates there have started to flatten. What the SCF did not mention is that while the Queensland public health authorities began a big-budget PR campaign promoting sunscreen in 1981, they shifted the campaign's focus a few years ago to strongly encourage people to cover up and stay in the shade.
The Skin Cancer Foundation does acknowledge that sunscreen alone is not enough. You need to wear protective clothing (pricey new fabrics such as Solumbra apparently block both UV-A and UV-B, but a wide hat and long, lightweight summer clothing should suffice), and spend more time in the shade. If you're a beach lover, invest in a sun umbrella. But think twice before you slap on sunscreen. Some cement mixers destroy the roads we're told they build. And some products may contribute to the cancer we're told they prevent.
Additional reporting by Kate Rope.
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great article. thank you for your research. the sun is great. fear sells sunscreen. when will people listen to themselves and observe their bodies. typical of modern day beliefs and the indoctrination of western medicine - treat the symtom, rather than find the cause. If you're burning get out of the sun or cover up. Simple, your body has told you what to do. We dismiss the simple intelligence of our bodies and alter the truth. It is all god's creation and we all have choice. The scientific knowledge is there to back up what our bodies have been teklling us forever. FEAR SELLS AND CONTROLS!
So melanoma rates have been rising steadily with sunscreen sales...what's in sunscreen? The skin absorbs a large percentage of what is put on it, could the fun chemicals in the sunscreen be causing major health problems? Follow the money and you'll be amazed at what you'll find.
Sunscreen sucks as a stand alone product. I applied sunscreen for many years when alpine skiing in Vail. After applying my morning dosage, I knew that was not enough. Thus, I would follow the sunscreen application with an entire covering of my face and neck; goggles, a hood and a face/neck "gator" provided protection from wind, sun and other elements. Although I probably looked ridiculous while teaching skiing in Vail, nobody told me that I was being foolish --- in fact, when I said I was protecting my face, people understood. I never believed that sunscreen alone would protect me from cancer. After teaching skiing for nearly a decade, and almost never exposing my face to the sun, I don't have skin cancer, wrinkles or lines on my face. Sunscreen alone does not work --- in fact on days where I forgot sunscreen, I didn't burn or tan either --- good luck and be smart --- covering yourself is the best protection.
Thanks for the great article! Ill continue my research of sunscreen even more
I thought this article was great, the same can be said about medications, can the chemicals in drugs have something to do with the rise in disease, its a good possibility. If you want an answer, always follow the money...
It'd be nice to see some references...
What about acne treatments making your skin vulnerable to the sun??? should i not use sunscreen???
Basal cell carcinoma of the skin and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, although not usually life threatening, can have significant consequences to those that have them. Because they are generally on sun exposed skin, they inevitably become cosmetic problems when treated. The face, ears, neck and scalp present challenges in repair after excision of the cancers take place and non-surgical options have lower rates of cure. Total UV light exposure is the single most important predictor of eventual skin cancer risk (albeit not the only predictor) after skin type. UV is radiation, just like X-rays are radiation and gamma rays are radiation. The only difference is in wavelength. And just like other kinds of radiation, the damage is cumulative. Don't think "sunburn" think "acute ultraviolet radiation poisoning". There are three main modes of protection: avoidance, barriers (clothing, hats, etc.), and last of all sunscreen, in order os efficacy. No one is saying we should live under rocks. But sun damage is not healthy and these cancers are not innocuous, including the non-melanomatous skin cancers. Sunscreens are not a substitute for avoidance and clothing. But they can be useful adjuncts to the others.
I would admit that the American Academy of Dermatology selling it's seal of approval without any requirements for the quality of the product is questionable. The major flaw in your argument (besides an insurmountable amount a epidemiologic data) is that a dermatologist makes their most money from treating skin cancer and the $10K the AAD charges a doesn't even pay for a mailer to the Academy's members. It would make better business sense to conceal that UV rays cause cancer if you are looking for a scam. This article is an over simplification of the issue. Major issues include that there are skin cancers that are the result of genetic defects that may require little or to practically no UV exposure, including some sub-types of melanoma in non-sun exposed areas that we are just starting to identify by its genetic profile. Another issue is that all the articles on vitamin D need were written by a doctor that works for the largest sun tanning booth company (Wolfe). Finally the one well known dermatologist (Dr. Ackerman) that is outspoken about the sun not being related to skin cancer, although brilliant, has known mental health problems and has made a living by amking antagonistic statements without the strongest scientific arguments. At the same time, the evidence for the effect of UV radiation on sun as far as aging, pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions is irrefutable. This is a feel good article for those afraid of medicine who like to take red yeast for cholesterol when it contains the exact same chemical as a statin pill where the amount and impurities are actually regulated. And since your readers might include this crowd: the original article in Lancet implying a connection between vaccinations and autism was recalled by the author because of fabricated information and statistics. These conspiracy web sites do more to hurt people that you will ever know.
And by the way the rates on melanoma are climbing because there is more awareness of the issue. The death rate overall has decreased in the 20 year period you describe as has the markers of severity of the melanomas being treated has decreased. The rate started clibing in the 50's because of sun exposure patterns and glorifcation of the tan. Is sunscreen the answer to no skin cancer: No. But is is an important first step, added to sun avoidance and careful monitoring of the skin for early detection. You are looking at the world through a key hole and drawing conclusions with no evidence. If you don't want to wear it that's you perogative, but I wouldn't use pseudoscience to endanger others.
The only thing this excellent article needs is an update reflecting that we now know that UVB rays don't cause basal-cell carcinoma or skin aging, either. UVA is responsible for the skin aging, at least in part, and we still don't know what causes basal-cell & melanoma cancers.
We also now know that most UVA sunscreens *break down in the sun* and that the SPF rating on the bottle applies only to UVB. The UVA protection could be 45 or it could 2, even on a bottle rated SPF 70.
More importantly, we are finding out that moderate sun exposure *decreases* melanoma risk, and that we are under an epidemic of vitamin D deficiency caused by sun phobia. This article http://loveyourmother.livejournal.com/7750.html has links to studies in the National Institute of Health's PubMed database covering all these contentions. We have to learn to get moderate sun exposure, appropriate to our ancestry, latitude, time of day, and time of year, without sunscreens. It's not as easy as slathering on the "daily defense," but I'm afraid we're going to have to start using our brains instead of relying on products that don't protect us from anything but sunburn.
google got me here and per usual it got me where i needed to go. thank you for this article. i'm 54 and for the last 20 years i try to hide from the sun.i work outdoors and always where a hat, but have been wondering lately about sunscreen. thanks for the information. i will save the money and keep covering up. raymond seattle.
I agree with you for the most part, but you must consider the reason there wasn't alot of skin cancer middle century is probably because of the huge outfits they wore to swim in the 30s
Seriously, the benefits of sunscreen have been clinically tested and proven. The only concern with sunscreen is TiO2 nanoparticles - concerns have been raised about these particles increasing the permeability of cell membranes. However, these concerns have been largely discounted and clinical trials have all shown that these nanoparticles are nontoxic.
Stop spreading your ridiculous alarmist propaganda and do some real research.
I am 40 years old and have been an avid surfer and ocean sports enthusiast for most of those 40 years.
This article and all like it are grossly irresponsible.
It is true that there are many sunscreens that do little to provide adequate protection from exposure and that many of these also contain ingredients (like titanium dioxide) that are harmful to the skin.
However, there are sunscreens that do not contain these types of ingredients.
I do not work for any industry that promotes sun protection products and I can absolutely state with 100% confidence, based on a lifetime of experience, that if you regularly expose yourself to the sun - especially on a watery surface - without using a proven sunscreen you will ruin your skin and greatly increase the odds of developing skin cancer. I see it all the time, you obviously don't.
Ms. Berwick's methods are clearly very flawed and I would happily invite her to take my acid test to prove the point.
Tsk, tsk, MJ. I expected more responsible journalism.
What about natural sunscreens with not synthetic chemicals ?
Sunscreens are toxic rubbish. Life evolved for billions of years in the life giving sun. We have spent our lives inside buildings and cars for how long? The Sun is the giver of life. Sunburn is a means to allow the skin to grow a harder shell for the future, the tan.
The sunscreen industry are a pack of rapist killers who damage more DNA than the Sun ever did. Anyone who marinates their poor child's pores in this concoction of Dow chemical waste is a sickening abuser of that child's right to a natural body.
Government regulators have long shown us they cannot be trusted. And all doctors, all so called 'professional organizations' are well and truly covered in the blood money of Big Chemical and Big Pharma.
There is no life but the natural life.
These killers who seek to lord their pathetic 'industry expertise' and mindless indoctrination training college degrees in what passes for 'research' in 2008, the money and blood soaked era of the degradation of science, need to understand they have zero credibility, and we will find our own path, naturally, without your pathetic and deadly toxic chemicals and drugs.
I thank you for this article. And I completely agree. Nobody should but anything on their skin they wouldn't swallow and eat. How do you think nicotine patches work? through the pores.
This toxic waste sunscreen is the worst dermatology mistake in history.
We've been dying since the day we were born. Are we going to spend our lives licking the boots of killers who are in lock step with corporate chemical and pharmaceutical just because they have white coats and BMWs?
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A descent hat?
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Hello, I agree with the problem of sunscreens, therefore for many acvtivity a descent hat is very important but correct hat seem to be very hard to find, there are generally too small, no rigid enough, not packable, not washable and on the top of that, some (many?) countries, can't sell hat with protection against skin cancer label!
I am amazed how little of
I am amazed how little of their intelligence some people conveyed in the previous postings. How much anger some people have, and how much of their Logic brand they use to try and back it up. I wonder if some cannot hear wisdom when it is spoken, but instead lean on their own lack of experience (what might become knowledge). Is it too much to ask for a sentence written with appropriate punctuation and correct spelling? Let us give tribute at least to thought - and the English language - if not also to Gloria.
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Here's the REAL reason skin cancer rates skyrocketed in the 50's
The History of the Bikini - the World's Skimpiest Invention
by Samantha
About two hundred years ago, women pranced around on beaches wearing flannel dresses and three-quarter length trousers. In that period in history when showing one's knees was considered scandalous, it might have come as a shock to these women that their descendants would be sporting the skimpiest invention of all - the bikini.
Brigitte Bardot in 1953
History's first modern swimsuits were inventions that covered as much as regular clothing. In early Victorian times, they were typically made from flannel or wool and consisted of a jacket-like top and three-quarter-length pants. As societal attitudes towards "being proper" changed, increasingly smaller swimsuits were invented, revealing ankles, elbows and shoulders.
By the 1930s, women's swimsuits in Europe took the form of a halter top and shorts. However, it wasn't as racy as it sounds - the navel was still covered and only a tiny portion of skin showed between the two parts. It took a bit longer for the style to reach North America. In World War II, fabric rationing saw the removal of all unnecessary fabric. In fact, it was the uplifted mood at the end of the war that inspired the invention of the bikini.
Two different versions of the bikini were invented by Jacques Heim and Louis Reard, both from France. Heim said that his invention was "the world's smallest bathing suit." However, Reard's version used only 30 inches of fabric and was much smaller than the alleged world's smallest bathing suit. Reard's invention was named after the Bikini Atoll, the site of a nuclear test in July of 1946, one week before history's skimpiest bathing suit was introduced to the world.
History's first bikini
The first bikini that its inventor introduced was printed with type similar to that found in a newspaper, almost foreshadowing the publicity it would receive. Reard's invention was, naturally, a big hit. Soon after its invention, the bikini was making waves among beachgoers all across Europe. It took a bit longer to catch on in the United States, not really gaining popularity until the '60s. The bikini is now a common sight on beaches around the world, leaving the full-length wool suits of our great-grandmothers to the history books.
History of the Bikini Sources:
History.com
Fashion Era
Images:
Bettmann/Corbis
Getty Images
UGG Bailey Button
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