NOAA Arctic Report Card: 3 Fs, 2 Cs

Icebergs breaking off glacier, Greenland.: Credit: Mila Zinkova via Wikimedia Commons. Icebergs breaking off glacier, Greenland. Credit: Mila Zinkova via Wikimedia Commons. NOAA released its 2011 Arctic report card. And then they confused the metaphors by using a traffic signal. *Sigh.*

But if we follow through on the original metaphor, we get the following report card:


Sea ice age in the first week of March derived from tracking the drift of ice floes in 1988, 2009, 2010 and 2011. : Figure courtesy of J. Maslanik and C. Fowler, via NOAA.Sea ice age in the first week of March derived from tracking the drift of ice floes in 1988, 2009, 2010 and 2011.  Figure courtesy of J. Maslanik and C. Fowler, via NOAA.

The foremost conclusion of the report is that 2006 marked a major shift in the Arctic Ocean system. 

The report doesn’t say ‘tipping point.’ But in fact it might well have been a tipping point. Here’s what this tippinglike point looks like:

  • Persistent decline in the thickness of sea ice cover
  • Persistent decline in the summer extent of sea ice cover
  • A warmer upper ocean
  • A fresher upper ocean

The tipping-ish part is that the system may not return to what it was before 2006. In other words, another new normal.

Polar bears approach the submarine USS Honolulu (SSN 718) while surfaced 280 miles from the North Pole. : Credit: Chief Yeoman Alphonso Braggs, US Navy.Polar bears approach the submarine USS Honolulu (SSN 718) while surfaced 280 miles from the North Pole. : Credit: Chief Yeoman Alphonso Braggs, US Navy.The consequences of the tip are broad spectrum, impacting biology, chemistry, meteorology in (often) positive feedback loops.

For marine life, most consequences are a response to ever-smaller areas of ice and ever-larger areas of open water. Specifically:

  • Biological productivity at the base of the marine food chain—aka phytoplankton—has increased
  • Sea ice-dependent marine mammals—like polar bears and walrus—continue to lose habitat

Many of the changes underway for terrestrial life  are linked to warmer temperatures in coastal regions, where sea ice used to keep things cool, but is now in retreat. Including:

  • Increases in the greenness of tundra vegetation
  • Increase in permafrost temperatures

Increased autumn snow in Siberia predicts a weakening Arctic vortex in winter. : Credit: Nicolle Rager Fuller, National Science Foundation.Increased autumn snow in Siberia predicts a weakening Arctic vortex in winter. : Credit: Nicolle Rager Fuller, National Science Foundation.A second key point from this report card is the repeat in 2011 of an anomalous wind pattern that first appeared in the Arctic winter of 2010. This weakening of the Arctic vortex led to the jet stream dipping south and warming Greenland and northeastern Canada, while bringing much colder temperatures to Europe and North America. The results:

  • Higher than normal temperatures in the Arctic
  • Record ice sheet mass loss
  • Record low late spring snow cover in Eurasia
  • Shorter lake ice duration
  • Unusually lower temperatures and snow storms in some low latitude regions

 

Rare deep depletion in the ozone layer over the Arctic in 2011, much like the annual Antarctic ozone hole. : Credit: NASA Earth Observatory.Rare deep depletion in the ozone layer over the Arctic in 2011, much like the annual Antarctic ozone hole. : Credit: NASA Earth Observatory.

On top of all that, the Arctic grew its own bona fide ozone hole last winter—one that threatens far more populated areas of the globe than the Antarctic hole, and one with the power to impact the winter crops that feed us. The executive summary of the report concludes:

The 2011 Report Card shows that record-setting changes are occurring throughout the Arctic environmental system. Given the projection of continued global warming, it is very likely that major Arctic changes will continue in years to come, with increasing climatic, biological and social impacts.

 

 

WE'LL BE BLUNT:

We need to start raising significantly more in donations from our online community of readers, especially from those who read Mother Jones regularly but have never decided to pitch in because you figured others always will. We also need long-time and new donors, everyone, to keep showing up for us.

In "It's Not a Crisis. This Is the New Normal," we explain, as matter-of-factly as we can, what exactly our finances look like, how brutal it is to sustain quality journalism right now, what makes Mother Jones different than most of the news out there, and why support from readers is the only thing that keeps us going. Despite the challenges, we're optimistic we can increase the share of online readers who decide to donate—starting with hitting an ambitious $300,000 goal in just three weeks to make sure we can finish our fiscal year break-even in the coming months.

Please learn more about how Mother Jones works and our 47-year history of doing nonprofit journalism that you don't find elsewhere—and help us do it with a donation if you can. We've already cut expenses and hitting our online goal is critical right now.

payment methods

WE'LL BE BLUNT

We need to start raising significantly more in donations from our online community of readers, especially from those who read Mother Jones regularly but have never decided to pitch in because you figured others always will. We also need long-time and new donors, everyone, to keep showing up for us.

In "It's Not a Crisis. This Is the New Normal," we explain, as matter-of-factly as we can, what exactly our finances look like, how brutal it is to sustain quality journalism right now, what makes Mother Jones different than most of the news out there, and why support from readers is the only thing that keeps us going. Despite the challenges, we're optimistic we can increase the share of online readers who decide to donate—starting with hitting an ambitious $300,000 goal in just three weeks to make sure we can finish our fiscal year break-even in the coming months.

Please learn more about how Mother Jones works and our 47-year history of doing nonprofit journalism that you don't find elsewhere—and help us do it with a donation if you can. We've already cut expenses and hitting our online goal is critical right now.

payment methods

We Recommend

Latest

Sign up for our free newsletter

Subscribe to the Mother Jones Daily to have our top stories delivered directly to your inbox.

Get our award-winning magazine

Save big on a full year of investigations, ideas, and insights.

Subscribe

Support our journalism

Help Mother Jones' reporters dig deep with a tax-deductible donation.

Donate