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Fact Checking John Tierney

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In June 1996, the New York Times Magazine ran a story by John Tierney titled "Recycling is Garbage." In the now-infamous piece, Tierney argued that recycling was environmentally unnecessary, fiscally burdensome, and ideologically laughable. "Recycling," he concluded, "may be the most wasteful activity in modern America." Having provided comfort to millions of non-recyclers—particularly New Yorkers—. Tierney has since migrated to the paper's Science Times section, where he writes a regular column, "Findings." Despite the whiff of empiricism, the column is often a platform for his libertarian-tinged environmental skepticism.

Last week, Tierney struck again with a column listing "10 Things to Scratch From Your Worry List." The article displayed the typical Tierney M.O.: Take an environmental or health issue and dismiss it with a less-than-thorough glance at the research.

His list wasn't entirely off-base—shark attacks are incredibly rare, no matter what Shark Week teaches us. And it's not really worth losing sleep over intergalactic wormholes or the potential collapse of the universe. But back on Earth, Tierney's glib dismissal of some common environmental and health issues obscured the whole story. Seven things Tierney's latest column fudged:

1. Hot dogs as health food

Tierney: Don't worry about hot dogs being unhealthy, writes Tierney, because "a rigorous experiment in Israel" found that people with a diet high in saturated fat lost more weight and had better cholesterol profiles than those with a restricted diet.

Reality check: Aside from the chutzpah of using an Israeli study to justify eating frankfurters, Tierney’s explanation is hard to swallow. The study he cites was designed to measure the effectiveness and safety of various weight-loss diets. It was not designed to look at the effects of saturated fat in general or hot dogs in particular. Beyond that, Tierney says "Low-carb, unrestricted-calorie diet consumed more saturated fat than another group forced to cut back on both fat and calories, but those fatophiles lost more weight and ended up with a better cholesterol profile." Not really, they had the most improved cholesterol profile. That's a counterintuitive and interesting finding, but it hardly means that a diet of ballpark franks is a recipe for arterial health.

2. A/C OK!

Tierney: It's okay to drive with your air conditioning blasting because "the mileage experts at edmunds.com" discovered that the drag from opening the windows undermines any fuel savings from turning off the air-conditioner.

Reality check: The Edmunds study wasn't exactly the world's most rigorous, since its tests were only performed at 65 mph, but Tierney's right here. Leaving the windows open won't save a lot of gas and the savings are so small (compared to the cost of running the car) that the overall environmental impact is minimal. But as a more thorough look at the question in Slate found, there are differences between vehicles: Sedans get worse mileage with the windows down, but blasting the AC makes SUVs' crummy fuel efficiency even worse.

3. Eat globally, not locally

Tierney: Don't worry about getting your food from abroad. Foreign food is often produced and shipped much more efficiently than domestic food. One study even showed that apples shipped from New Zealand to Britain had a smaller carbon footprint than apples grown and sold in Britain.

Reality check: Though the concept of measuring food miles is a little overrated (growing and harvesting food is responsible for 83 percent of greenhouse gases involved in food production; transportation produces 11 percent), the carbon footprint of food depends on the product in question. Yet Tierney implies that buying imported food is cost-free, even though the inefficient packaging of many American products doesn't make foreign food any greener. If you want to reduce your food's carbon footprint, the issue isn't about which foreign country to buy your produce from; the issue is whether to buy out-of-season produce in the first place.

4. Cell phone hang-ups

Tierney: Don't worry about cell phones causing cancer because his "colleague Tara Parker-Pope" wrote an article about how there is no known biological mechanism for the radiation from mobiles to cause cancer.

Reality check: Technically, he’s right. There is no established link between cell phones and brain cancer. But that’s not to say that cell phones are in the clear. Parker-Pope's article also pointed out that most cell-phone studies are not very good and that light and heavy cell phone users may have different levels of cancer risk. And, she writes, "the fear is that even if the individual risk of using a cellphone is low, with three billion users worldwide, even a minuscule risk would translate into a major public health concern." See our recent story, "This Is Your Brain on Cell Phones," for more on why this issue is still up in the air.

5. That's my bag

Tierney: Don't fret about using plastic bags because "the Environmental Protection Agency" indicates that paper bags are not better for the environment than plastic bags, which require much less energy —and greenhouse emissions —to manufacture, ship and recycle.

Reality check: Tierney's take on the agency's stance is misleading. Actually, the EPA still thinks plastic bags are evil; it just doesn’t like paper bags, either. As its website says,"So, what is the answer, paper or plastic? NEITHER! Look into purchasing reusable bags or reusing your paper or plastic bags at the store." Plastic bags do require less energy to produce; though the "ship and recycle" component of that statement is not clearly apparent in the article cited to support it.

6. Plastic's fantastic

Tierney: Don't worry about bisphenol-a, or BPA, which is used in polycarbonate plastic bottles such as Tierney's trusty Nalgene. BPA, he writes, "could be harmful if given in huge doses to rodents, but so can the natural chemicals in countless foods we eat every day."

Reality check: True, the evidence of BPA's harm comes from animal studies and there is no evidence yet that BPA exposure is harmful to humans. But most human exposure to BPA occurs through the lining of food cans, not plastic bottles. Virtually all canned products, even organic ones, are lined with BPA. For more on the growing concern about what's in plastics, see our story, "Hard to Break".

7. Meltdown averted?

Tierney: The Arctic’s ice cap has not melted, as predicted, and there's actually more ice at the North Pole this summer than last. "Most experts" are no longer expecting the ice cap to melt.

Reality check: Last year, climate scientists predicted that there was a greater than 50 percent chance that all the ice at the North Pole would melt this summer. Due to different weather patterns, the Arctic ice did not melt this summer—which is good news. Yet, as the article that Tierney cites explains, "all of the 15 teams offering projections say ice extent will remain well below the average for the last quarter century and a downward trend in summer ice around the North Pole has not abated." Translation: The ice cap still could melt in the near future, which is still very bad news.

But even if the ice melts and sea levels rise, Tierney isn't particularly worried about that, either. Following up on his "10 Things" column in his blog, he dismissed the global warming "catastrophists," for making unrealistic claims. Plus, he wrote, "They've overlooked humans' capacity to adapt —like building dikes." Why worry, indeed? —Daniel Luzer

Photo: New York Times






Comments

"Plus, he wrote, "They've overlooked humans' capacity to adapt —like building dikes.""

Seriously? This guy works for the NY Times?

Thank you. THANK YOU for this article. I was incredulous at Tierney's column when I read it in the NY Times. What is the point of encouraging hot dog consumption and use of plastic bags? The whole thing stunk. Your article should be an op-ed in the Times.

Posted by: indykjsharp on 08/08/08 at 12:07 PM  Respond

Holy smokes we should build dikes around this moron's office? He may want top take a look at a map of NYC if rising levels don't concern him

Posted by: Tim in CT on 08/08/08 at 2:35 PM  Respond

Humans adapt by deciding to adapt. To some degree, like our fellow bio-entities on planet Earth, we adapt behaviorally and physically in response to environmental effects.

Sometimes we adapt as individuals, sometimes as families, tribes and/or communities, the fittest becoming the norm as the less fit die off.

But in the global culture of industrial humankind in the early 21st century we are locked into behaviors and physical traits by that cultural deliberateness, led, or misled, by those who make the decisions to continue to make our personal decisions in the same way, based on trust of others, not our own data collection, data processing, and data analysis.

For decades the leadership decision-makers have decided for us all not to adapt to the changed environment, ignoring the scholarly research of those who discovered Threatening Change (capital 'T,' capital 'C') occurring. The threat increased with their ignorance of it, and their misleadership to lead us all to ignore it. Their domination of the global media made their message of ignorance equal to, and then greater than, the scholars' messages of warning.

Here again, we see their hand encouraging the general public, from an influential source, 'The Newspaper of Record,' to ignore, to be ignorant of, the scholars' warnings. We are encouraged, authoritatively, to follow instead, their cardboard cutout hand-puppets and talking heads, mouthing words imitating the scholars, mis-citing the scholars, but saying the exact opposite of what the scholars objectively discovered. Their intent is to influence behavior subjectively, for fun and profit.

Nothing you trust can be trusted. You can't trust your doctor. He only knows what the pharmaceutical companies pay the medical schools to teach, how to put people on chemical pills; not medicines that cure, just chemicals that have some effect on a symptom or part of a disease, but become a cause of other diseases.

You can't trust the media. It serves the interests that buy the advertising, or page space or air time, to promote their profit endeavors, often posing as objective news reporting, literally dressing and behaving like newscasters, journalists, and authorities in a given field.

You can't trust the politicians. Their allegiance is to the money sources that elected them, and will re-elect them, or turn to their opponent if they don't deliver their allegiance through legislation favoring them.

Police? Often corrupt. Firemen. Often arsonists. Soldiers? Often gangsters on orders. Honest cops, firemen, soldiers, doctors and other health-care personnel are sometimes outnumbered by the corrupt.

Trust a realtor or lending institution to buy your home? Trust a Savings & Loan? (If they still existed.) Trust the media? Trust the food companies taken over by the tobacco companies that addict and kill 435,000 Americans a year, year after year, to sell you healthy food?

Something changed in your diet in the 1980's and made 63% of Americans overweight, 34% obese. From 1990 to 2000, diabetes, a diet-related disorder, not a gene or a germ, but a diet-caused disease, one of a complex of diet-related disorders, increased 60%. Sixty! Percent!

Did any of the scholars manage to find a way to tell you? Did any of the sources you trust tell you? Doctors? Media? Politicians?

Do your own research, and beware the source. If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is.

Thank you Daniel Luzer! Always nice to see some fact-checking being done.

I do have a Q though - isn't the NY Times supposed to fact-check its articles? Why aren't they fact-checking Tierney's claims?

Spare us from ideological Libertarians, whose sentiments and prescriptions are as faith-based as Mullah Omar's are. They've never lived in, never seen, the world they advocate, yet they push it as if the "principles" are proven and obvious.

What defines the Libertarian world-view is a near-autistic conviction that no person has the right to have expectations of another. Indeed, relying on anyone for anything is seen as a failing. They imagine that, having been raised to adulthood by self-sacrificing parents and a supporting social system, they are somehow exempt from an obligation to continue and extend that blanket of support to the people around them. Libertarians think they are islands in the stream (then, what is the stream, if we are all supposed to be islands?)

They supposedly want to live in a world that would make no demands on them, beyond the "natural" consequence of failing to protect oneself from starving, or some other result of physical laws. To me, this attitude is better described by another term: narcissism, or self-centeredness.

They call it a preference for "freedom" or "liberty," but it's really a fantasy of not having obligations to meet. Typically American, the idea that one can benefit from one's connection to the social network, but not then be obligated in turn, is spiritually toxic, and tears apart the net of connections between us, even as rattlesnake venom degrades and destroys tissues in the body.

If they (really!) had their way, they would never have been fed by their parents, never been educated, or shown how to farm, fish, read or count; much less write or govern.

Libertarianism is juvenile fantasy, amply illustrated by Robert Heinlein's science-fiction books. Heinlein was an arrested adolescent, still idolized by "modern" Libertarians. Libertarianism should be granted no more credence than that.

The Republicans are winning. According to a survey from ABC News, Planet Green and Stanford University, fewer than half -- 47 percent -- of Americans consider global warming an important issue to them personally, down from 52 percent in April 2007. Although a vast majority still think the planet is warming -- 8 in 10 respondents -- that figure is also down from last year, having dropped 4 percentage points. Furthermore, in an open-ended question, the number of respondents who called global warming the biggest environmental challenge facing the world fell 8 points from 2007 and currently hovers at 25 percent.

Posted by: Teddy on 08/12/08 at 9:45 AM  Respond

If we never admit to the problem we never have to fix it. This guy (as are many in the media and business) is a jerk. I hope he doesn't have children.

Posted by: anna on 09/24/08 at 9:27 AM  Respond

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