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Stem Cell Research: Fact and Fiction
Stem cells have become the superstars of this election season, with their profiles raised by celebrities and ad campaigns. But this has led to the propagation of certain myths surrounding the issue. An interview with Jesse Reynolds, spokesman for the Center for Genetics and Society, shed some light on the realities of the issue. The center conducts policy research and advocacy on issues surrounding genetics.
Fiction: Embryonic stem cell research is illegal in the United States.
Fact: All forms of embryonic stem cell research are legal at the federal level, but President Bush has cut funding for such initiatives. South Dakota is the only state bans embryonic stem cell research in all its forms, and about a half dozen states ban research cloning. For more information on the specific legalities, visit the website of National Conference of State Legislators.
Fiction: Embryonic stem cell research destroys embryos.
Fact: “Almost all embryonic stem cell research uses embryos left over from [in vitro fertilization] clinics that would effectively be destroyed anyway,” Reynolds told Mother Jones. However, if more labs were to develop cloning of embryos for their stem cells, eggs would be required. Unlike embryos, eggs cannot be frozen – although researchers have been working on the technology. Some opponents of stem cell research like Patricia Heaton are worried that women may be exploited for their eggs. While many pro-life groups are also opposed to stem cell research for the reason that it is destroying embryos, other groups that are pro-choice have expressed concerned over the collecting of women's eggs. These include the Center for Genetics and Society, the California Nurses Association, and Planned Parenthood Affiliates of CaliforniaEconomic incentives might be offered to have women take hormones to produce eggs that can be extracted for research purposes.
Fiction: All scientists interested in this type of research want to clone embryos.
Fact: According to the Center for Genetics and Society, only about a half a dozen labs in the United States are working on developing stem cells from cloned embryos. “The cloning is a small part of [embryonic] stem cell research and it’s at a very early stage. There are no therapies from it or from any other form of stem cell research,” said Reyolds. But Reynolds also pointed out that cloned embryos could be created to isolate more specific genes.
Fiction: By using stem cells, scientists could develop cures for diseases within the next few years.
Fact: Any type of clinical trial is actually about 15 years away, with another five year waiting period before medications would be prescribed. “We’re not talking about the next political cycle,” said Reynolds.
Fiction: Stem cell research offers a guaranteed cure for everything from cancer to Alzheimer’s.
Fact: As a relatively common disease with very grave effects, Alzheimer’s has a high media profile in the stem cell debate. But, despite Ron Reagan’s appeals for stem cell research on behalf of people who suffer from the same disease as his late father, a cure is not assured through the controversial technology.
According to Reynolds, researchers are much closer to cures for diabetes than they are to cures for Alzheimer’s through stem cell therapy. “I’m yet to see researcher as opposed to a research advocate assert that it’s on a short list,” said Reynolds.
Fiction: Certain opponents of stem cell research point out that further advances have been made in adult stem cell therapy than embryonic or other forms.
Fact: “It’s tricky because opponents of [embryonic] stem cell research like to point out that alternatives exist and the therapies are much further along,” said Reyolds. “That is something along the lines of what is called a red herring.” Adult stem cells are used in procedures such as bone marrow transplants which have been done since 1968. The first stem cell line was created and patented in 1998 by James Thompson, a professor at the University of Wisconsin. “All born humans have stem cells in them that are less ethically problematic but are also less powerful,” said Reyolds.
--Caroline Dobuzinskis
Posted by Mother Jones Washington Bureau on 11/03/06 at 2:30 PM | E-mail | Print | Digg | de.licio.us | Reddit | Newsvine | Yahoo! MyWeb | StumbleUpon | Netscape | Google |
Comments
One fact that the general public is not aware of are the dangers associated with embryonic stem cell research and what it means to public health and safety. One such danger is the use of infectious genetically engineered viruses that have been developed to produce “disease-state” embryonic stem cells and are now becoming commonly used without appropriate oversight. These “recombinant” technologies are being used in embryonic stem cell research in drug discovery, biomedical research and bio-defense research laboratories throughout the United States. The public should be very concerned that there are no laws governing the private biomedical industry regarding these dangerous recombinant technologies. And although academic research laboratories are obligated to follow NIH guidelines, oversight to ensure compliance is lacking which presents a serious risk to the public health by release of dangerous human infectious genetically engineered organisms into the environment and which could consequently lead to small population outbreaks or an eventual pandemic. These recombinant technologies involving human infectious agents are very sophisticated and demand appropriate risk-assessments and biocontainment protocols and training. Private industry’s agenda is about making money and not about implementing appropriate safety precautions and protecting the public health. Private biotech and pharmaceutical industries have no legal obligation to protect the public health in the use of infectious agents in embryonic stem cell research. The public is not aware of this serious problem. Embryonic stem cell research should not proceed without first implementing laws and appropriate oversight procedures to protect the public health in both academic and private research laboratories.
Posted by: B. McClain on 01/16/07 at 3:01 PM
Times have changed since the famous Asilomar Conference in 1975 where scientists met to mitigate the perceived risks posed by the newly discovered power of recombinant DNA technologies. Now after thirty years and subsequent prevailing advancements, the threats of using recombinant DNA technologies are no longer perceived but real. Accidental, negligent or targeted release of infectious genetically-engineered microorganisms that cause “disease” in embryonic stem cells can harm the public. Laws providing protection to the public health relating to the control and use of these dangerous recombinant technologies are out-dated or non-existent, triggering the activation of a time-bomb for an inevitable catastrophic event. Economic factors have also changed the way the government, academia and the pharmaceutical industry interact, creating deleterious “conflicts of interests” amongst this biomedical community and a scientific culture where economic self-interest inherently dominates over public safety and worker’s rights. The combination of our current economic culture, scientific advancements and lack of laws have made embryonic stem cell research increasingly dangerous to the point that millions of lives can be tragically affected by one simple careless mistake or even by an intentional act. These critical issues have been completely left out of the embryonic stem cell equation. Congress should act responsibly and prioritize public health and safety by implementing effective and enforceable regulations that address these issues before endorsing any further funding or lessening restrictions toward embryonic stem cell research. If we remain irresponsible and continue to ignore the fact that dangerous embryonic stem cell technologies have the potential to create emerging disease and catastrophic pandemics, but nevertheless continue to promote embryonic stem cell research without first implementing effective oversight, we inevitably will face an ugly monster and a public health crisis costing us a higher price than one can imagine for generations to come. Despite the hope and potential that embryonic stem cell research may bring to biomedical advancements, unfortunately, within today’s scientific environment, it currently poses a greater devastating health and safety risk to mankind than any perceived future medical benefit. It is a risk that the public should not have to tolerate.
Posted by: B. McClain on 02/08/07 at 10:21 AM
Question to B. McClain: where did you get that info from?
Posted by: AP on 03/08/07 at 9:06 PM
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Dakota is the only state bans embryonic stem cell research in all its forms, and about a half dozen states ban research cloning.
That would be South Dakota, please never mix the good populist people of ND with the "head stuck in the sand", "we live for the RNC sound bites", people of South Dakota. What does it mean to be a Christian in South Dakota, oppose abortion/but adult deaths of women from illegal abortions is ok, no money to help pregnant unwed mothers who want to bring a child to full term, support the death penalty, reinstate the law and drivers license of a convicted ex-governor, support the slaughter of any animal in South Dakota (hunting season only applies to out of state hunters)
Posted by: dk on 11/05/06 at 7:30 AM