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May 17, 2008

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A Nation is Born: The Long, Bitter Path to Kosovo's Independence

When, waving Kosovar and American flags, Kosovo Albanians spontaneously took to the streets of their capital Pristina Saturday night to celebrate in anticipation of the province's unilateral declaration of independence on Sunday, I was flooded with memories of some two years spent chronicling the Kosovars' brutal last years under Serbian rule, the staggering exodus of tens of thousands of Kosovo Albanians fleeing from Serbian paramilitaries during Nato's 1999 air war against Serbia, and the messy beginnings of their limbo status under NATO-led protection. It was only then, after the Serbian occupation had been driven out, that I learned an ugly lesson: that sometimes when the oppressed are liberated, they act with the brutality of their former tormenters. In the aftermath of the 1999 Nato intervention in Yugoslavia, ethnic cleansing continued, only this time the majority of the atrocities being meted out were by the majority Albanians against the province's minority Serbs, Roma, and Turks. It was a phenomenon witnessed later in the aftermath of the overthrow of Saddam Hussein.

Like almost everything else, Kosovo's independence divided its historic peoples. While the messages coming from Kosovar Albanian friends over the weekend, replete with photos of fireworks and youtube tributes to America (President Bush immediately recognized Kosovo's independence Sunday, followed by Britain and France), were filled with joy ("...At the moment the Kosovar prime minister declared Kosovo as a democratic and an independent state, I started crying," one friend wrote), the messages from friends and associates in the Serbian capital Belgrade simply stopped. As one who spent much of four years chronicling the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia from post-conflict to conflict, I felt a sense of ambivalence, as well as resignation that Kosovo's break with Serbia, while problematic, was also probably inevitable.

That's in part because of the level of brutality -- sometimes casual, sometimes extreme -- that I had witnessed the Kosovars enduring under Serbian occupation. Among those searing experiences, after touring the site of a massacre of a Kosovar Albanian extended family, 53 members in all, in Drenica in 1998, being asked by a young Kosovo Albanian mother in hiding from Serb forces in the hills to please take her baby, who was ill, and she didn't think the baby would survive in the unheated make-shift lean-to she was hiding in in the woody hills. (We took her, terrified, and hardly able to communicate with our group of Russian and American journalists, and her baby in our rental car to a relative in a town to seek medical help). And witnessing the tens of thousands of refugees crossing the border into Macedonia a year later after Nato air strikes had begun.

From one of my dispatches at the time:

The 53 ethnic Albanian inhabitants of the village of Donji Prekaz in the central Kosovo region of Drenica lay newly buried under wooden sticks in a field behind their family compound. The killing was so fresh when I went that many of their abandoned farm animals were still alive. Since then, Kosovo has exploded into a war, and the scene from Drenica has repeated itself in dozens of villages, whose surviving inhabitants have fled for their lives. Others have come back to fight. The KLA, only rumored to exist in March, is now reported to control 40 percent of the province, including much of the main east-west highway connecting Pec with Pristina. Its recruits are mostly men whom the fighting has driven out of their villages.
The Serb officials giving us Western journalists this tour of their work don't see it that way. They say the Albanian terrorists--as they call the people who have taken up guns to protect their homes--have brought this on themselves.
"Now you are invited to see the consequences of our artillery against the facilities of the terrorists!" says Gen. Sreten Lukic of the Serb police force, pointing to a group of destroyed homes that formerly made up one village. In a show made absurd by the absence of any local people, Serb police dressed in navy blue camouflage drop to their bellies and take positions on a hill, their automatic rifles pointed, to "cover" us from potential Albanian terrorists. ...
To deter us from exploring on our own, they warn that the "terrorists" have mined the area after burning their own homes. The Serb officials' propaganda is so primitive, it is hard to know if they believe it themselves. ...

Later, our tour guide Gen. Sreten Lukic was indicted on war crimes charges, and sent to the Hague.

After following NATO-led peacekeepers back into post-war Kosovo in 1999, I saw and reported on a torture chamber, in the bottom of a Serbian police station in the Pristina, a nauseating site. "The most horrifying of the many appalling tortures that went on in the Serbian police station center on Cacak Street in central Pristina is suggested by a bed, with leather straps, its ratty yellow sponge mattress plunged through with bayonet and bullet holes, and the clothes of its victims piled onto the wet floor in the corner," I reported. "In the next room sits a single chair next to a collection of wooden bludgeons, some with nicknames scrawled into them. A small wooden baseball bat-shaped club is engraved with 'the mini.' A larger one, studded, is nicknamed, in Serbian, 'the mouth shutter.' Next to them sits a wooden box filled with knuckle busters, chains, axes, hammers and a collection of dozens of knives."

At the time, I could simply never have imagined that the U.S., which led the NATO effort to protect the Kosovars from ethnic cleansing, atrocities and feared genocide, would engage in torture as a matter of policy. I also could not imagine that a faint but real whiff of the kind of demagoguery one encountered in Slobodan Milosevic's Yugoslavia -- and the endless legalistic justifications for abuses against detainees and of course far worse; and suppression of its own population and portrayal of critics at home as traitors -- would echo in milder forms in the words of our own government officials. This was a lesson only learned years later.

Finally the messages from Belgrade are trickling back. And for the most part, they are filled with bitterness, and grief. "Now I really hate the USA and E.U. because thay act like the world police," one Belgrade friend writes. "The only thing I don't know is who will judge them."


(Photo Credit: AP Photo/David Brauchli, via UNC)






Comments

Wow! this is big day for Kosovo. The independence that's been long awaited has finally come. While I struggle to fully comprehend the complicated politics and culture of this region, this seems to be one of the more important events in their history.

which brings me to a point:

I find it interesting that MJ readers rarely comment on international affairs. If it doesn't have anything to do with Hillary or Obama, they don't care?

And, when it does have anything to do with Hill/Obam, they don't shut up....ever!

MJ readers really are a reflection of the self absorbed, band-wagon joining public that call themselves Americans.

not surprised, just disappointed.

Posted by: KM on 02/19/08 at 4:11 PM  Respond

The U.S. war on Serbia was unconstitutional, unjust and unwise. Congress never authorized it. Serbia, an ally in two world wars, had never attacked us. We made an enemy of the Serbs, and alienated Russia, to create a second Muslim state in the Balkans.

By intervening in a civil war where no vital interest was at risk, the United States, which is being denounced as loudly in Belgrade today as we are being cheered in Pristina, has acquired another dependency. And our new allies, the KLA, have been credibly charged with human trafficking, drug dealing, atrocities and terrorism.
By intervening in a civil war to aid the secession of an ancient province, to create a new nation that has never before existed and, to erect it along ethnic, religious and tribal lines, we have established a dangerous precedent. Muslim and Albanian extremists are already talking of a Greater Albania, consisting of Albania, Kosovo and the Albanian-Muslim sectors of Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia.

If these Albanian minorities should demand the right to secede and join their kinsmen in Kosovo, on what grounds would we oppose them? The inviolability of borders? What if the Serb majority in the Mitrovica region of northern Kosovo, who reject Albanian rule, secede and call on their kinsmen in Serbia to protect them?

Posted by: Peter on 02/20/08 at 2:31 PM  Respond

I sympathize with the Kosovars but I'm not a big fan of nationbuilding a la Bush (and Clinton) that breaks apart existing nations on the basis of human rights or security concerns. Give me the Treaty of Westphalia any day. A Roma friend of mine was quite glum about Kosovo independence. Roma are suffering in Kosovo and he's afraid that Kosovo will now start nibbling away at the Albanian part of Macedonia (his home) and the Roma there will suffer as a result. In other words, as soon as one can of worms is righteously lidded, another two or three cans are opened as the new state works to gain its geopolitical feet.

Posted by: China Hand on 02/20/08 at 3:52 PM  Respond

Laura, your candor about the true nature of Albanian Muslim tolerance is appreciated.

Here is a timeline or Kosovo Chronology on how we got to this point of an ethnically pure "Kosova":

http://www.serbianna.com/news/2008/01360.shtml

Have a look at this timeline, Laura. You will learn a little more about Kosovo.

For example, did you know that "Kosovar" Albanian Muslims participated in the Holocaust, the murder of 6 million Jews? No, I bet you didn't know that. The Kosovar Muslims, in their Nazi SS Division Skanderbeg, rounded up all the Kosovo Jews who the Nazis transported to Bergen Belsen where they died.

Did you know that? Were you able to learn about that?

Did you know that Adolf Hitler was the first leader to create an "independent Kosova", in 1941? There is so much to learn once you get away from all the brainwashing and manipulation of the US media and government.

Posted by: Carl Savich on 02/20/08 at 10:18 PM  Respond

So what Carl about the Hitler times. Where are we today. Today's Kosovo's only kill Christians and not Jews. They are not like the Arabs who kill Jews. These are "good" Muslims.

Posted by: Rachael on 02/21/08 at 7:33 AM  Respond

It appears that the only bloggers here are Americans who have never been to this region of the Balkans. I was born and raised in Montenegro. I personally watched the Serbs beat and torture many of my family members on basis of ethnic cleansing. I am half Albanian and half Montenegrian, but to a Serb we are all disposable if we don't belong to their ethnicity.
These people slaughtered everyone that was not like them. They are the modern Nazis. In Bosnia, they killed exactly 47 members of my mother's family and in Kosovo they kidnapped my uncle's daughter, who was never found again, and killed my two uncles and their sons in cold blood, while they were trying to escape the war and go to Macedonia's refugee camps. These were not soldiers, they were innocent people.
The reaction the ex-Yugoslav states had to the independence of Kosovo, which is a positive one, should give you a clue about how the Serbs are viewed by the people who know them best. They have been the Balkan oppressors for over 500 years, and it just saddens me that when the rest of the world finally realized what is going on and is trying to justify all the wrongdoing, we have people who have read falsehoods and who have seen falsehoods on tv telling us what we should believe.
I urge anyone who is brave enough and curious enough to learn the absolute truth about the Serbian terrorism that to this day is present in the Balkans, go there and witness it for yourselves.
As we can all see, the Albanians, Montenegrians, Bosnians, Croatians, Macedonians, and Slovenians never, ever attacked the Serbs, the Serbs came to our countries and tried to wipe us out.
Therefore, please refrain from writing about a history you do not know or do not understand, and try and obtain legitimate sources for more information.

Posted by: Pam on 02/21/08 at 8:07 AM  Respond

I forgot one more thing:
Contrary to some beliefs, the war with the Serbs has never been a religious one. Montenegrians, Croatians, Slovenians, Macedonians and many Bosnians and Albanians are not Muslim, but are either Catholic, Orthodox or Jewish. Southern Albania is highly populated by Albanian Jews, and this is becaause the Albanians accepted Jewish refugees from Germany during the Holocaust, and have never oppressed them in any way, contrary to what Carl Savic has to say. The fact that Serbia does not have any Jewish population is evidence enough of who the actual murderers were.
Anyways, the war with the Serbs was always about land. When they began their conquests, their goal was to create a "Large Serbia" and cleanse the Balkans of any other ethnicity. Just research some of Slobodan Milosevic's speeches. It will probably give you a sense of what it must have been like to watch Adolf Hitler speak and promise his people a "pure" country.
I'm done.

Posted by: Pam on 02/21/08 at 8:43 AM  Respond

A senior aide to Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas says Palestinians should follow the example of Kosovo and unilaterally declare independence.

Posted by: Ishmael on 02/21/08 at 12:57 PM  Respond

Welcome to Kosovo! The World's Newest Narco State

By Tom Burghardt

Global Research, February 29, 2008
Antifascist-calling.blogspot.com - 2008-02-23

The unilateral declaration of independence by Kosovo's Prime Minister Hashim Thaci, former warlord/commander of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), heralds the birth of a new European narco state.

The illegal dismemberment of Serbia, completing the U.S./EU/NATO destruction of Yugoslavia, is proclaimed by ruling elites and their sycophants as an exemplary means to bring "peace and stability" to the region. This provocative move, outside the framework of international law, threatens any sovereign state with similar treatment should they deviate from the "Washington consensus."

Far from bringing "peace" let alone "stability," an "independent" Kosovo will serve as a militarized outpost for Western capitalist powers intent on spreading their tentacles East, further encircling Russia by penetrating the former spheres of influence of the Soviet Union.

Led by dodgy characters and war criminals such as Hashim Thaci and Agim Ceku, "independent" Kosovo is a gangster state governed by thugs with ties to Albanian drug trafficking syndicates and al-Qaeda.

(snip)

* * * * *

Continued at:

http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=8182

Posted by: Bob Ness on 03/01/08 at 10:11 PM  Respond

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