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Did Sewage Sludge Lace the White House Veggie Garden With Lead?
In March, Michelle Obama delighted locavores when she planted an "organic" vegetable garden on the White House's South Lawn. For years, Alice Waters, Michael Pollan, and other sustainable food activists had been pushing the idea as a way to reseed interest in do-it-yourself agriculture. Less than two months later, the National Park Service disclosed that the garden's soil was contaminated with toxic lead, and the plot's educational value took on a new flavor as the New York Times and other papers discussed how to make urban backyards that are laced with old lead-based paint safe for growing kale and cauliflower. But those stories might have fingered the wrong culprit.
Starting in the late 1980s and continuing for at least a decade, the South Lawn was fertilized by ComPRO, a compost made from a nearby wastewater plant's solid effluent, a.ka. sewage sludge. Sludge is controversial because it can contain traces of almost anything that gets poured down the drain, from Prozac flushed down toilets to lead hosed off factory floors. Spreading sludge at the White House was a way for the EPA to reassure the public that using it as a fertilizer for crops and yards (instead of dumping it in the ocean, as had been common practice) would be safe. "The Clintons are walking around on poo," the EPA's sludge chief quipped in 1998, "but it's very clean poo."
Perhaps not as clean as we thought. The same ComPRO fertilizer, now renamed Orgro, was used in a controversial, 2005 lead abatement study conducted in a predominately African-American neighborhood in Baltimore. Scientists wanted to know if lead in the soil of inner-city backyards could be immobilized by mixing it with sludge. Though the study found "significant reductions in the lead level in the treated yards," the initial levels of lead in the soil had been astronomical. Even before being applied to the yards, the sludge was already contaminated with lead at up to 237 parts per million, which is about 23 times normal soil levels.
Given that the White House vegetable garden isn't close to buildings that would shed lead-based paint, a combination of sludge and old exhaust particles from lead-based gasoline is more likely to blame for its lead problem. Sludge can legally contain up to 300 parts per million of lead, which is well above the 93 parts per million found in the White House garden. The EPA says that soil with more than 56 parts per million of lead might not provide "adequate protection of terrestrial ecosystems," but doesn't suggest worrying about anything below 400 parts per million as a threat to human health. However, some soil scientists advise against feeding children produce grown on soil with more than 100 ppm of lead. That's cutting it pretty close for Obama's daughters. The Clintons' "very clean poo" might have been too good to be true.
UPDATE: The blog Obama Foodorama interviewed lead experts who pointed out that 93 ppm is not an unusual level of lead in urban soils. That level is still well above natural levels and the EPA's own 56 ppm "ecological soil screening level"---hence my reasonable assertion that the garden is "contaminated with lead"--but the contamination could also be the product of old exhaust from lead-based fuel. Of course, it won't be possible to know the background lead level on the South Lawn unless someone sampled it before sludge was applied (a White House spokesman did not return a phone call). Given that lead levels in sludge can legally be way higher than what was found on the Obama garden, I still believe sludge could be a factor in the 93 ppm, but how much of a factor will be hard to say.
Update #2: Thoughts on the odd media coverage of this issue, and the health concerns associated with sludge.
Update #3: Response to the New York Times.
(Updated 6/24/09 6:05 pm pacific)
White House lawn spread with sludge
Its great that the First Lady is growing a community garden. But did the National Park Service director for the White House tell Michelle Obama that her 'organic' garden soil has been historically repeatedly spread with sewage sludge compost ? According to Al Rubin - retired EPA Biosolids Coordinator - sludge compost from Blue Plains and for Back River Baltimore sewage treatment plants was spread on the South Lawn of the White House "about 5 times". Sludge compost from Baltimore was tested as high as 237 ppm lead...so certainly sludge spreading could elevate toxic metals in White House soil.
This would explain the elevated level of lead in the new White House garden. So what about the other toxic metals? What is the level of cadmium, nickel, mercury in that garden? Cadmium is pulled up into green leafy plants - especially the spinach and kale favoured by Michelle. Are these toxic metals putting White House meals at risk?
At 93 ppm lead, the carrots and potatoes need to be peeled before they are eaten. Children need to be cautioned against eating any dirt or licking dirty fingers.
Did the National Parks Service horticulturist - who allowed and even promoted sludge spreading on the White House lawn - mislead the First Lady as to the soil quality? Surely she should have been informed about the history of sludge use on the South Lawn before she put in her lovely garden.
There is much to learn here:
1. Don't put sludge products on your lawn ... yesterday's lawn is tomorrows 'organic' garden.
2. Test your garden soil for metals before you plant.
3. Tell the government to forbid calling sewage sludge fertilizers 'organic'...because this is misleading the public into thinking these fertilizers meet the clean organic standards for food production.
4. Tell the National Park Service to forbid the use of sewage sludge materials on public parks ...INCLUDING the White House.
Maureen Reilly
Sludge Watch
How does one test his garden
How does one test his garden soil for metals? Are there kits for this?
UMass Soil test
UMass Soil test lab:
http://www.umass.edu/plsoils/soiltest/services1.htm
Standard test includes lead and other heavy metals- you will get results in parts per billion (ppb), and can also call with questions about the results
"Includes pH, Buffer pH, Extractable Nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B), Extractable Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr), and Extractable Aluminum, Cation Exchange Capacity, Percent Base Saturation."
Most state universities
Most state universities offer soil and water testing as part of their agro department or coop extension. At least UMaine does. Expect ~$10 for lead only or ~$20 for a complete soil analysis that includes stuff like nutrient and organic matter levels. UMaine gives every sample a basic lead screening but it only reports pass/fail.
She needs to plant some
tagged as:- solution
She needs to plant some sunflowers, alpine pennycress and poplar trees:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoremediation
Apparently the process of phytoremediation (using plants to naturally extract heavy metal contaminants in the ground) is cheaper and leaves the ground cleaner than other decontamination methods. You can also re-mine the heavy metals from the biomass.
The downside? Takes a long time - 15 years at least(?). A bit too long to make a point in this political circus.
SLudge is a pollutant, not a fertilizer
The Federal Clean Water Act defines sewage sludge as a pollutant. Actually, sludge is a highly complex and unpredictable mixture of thousands of industrial pollutants, many of which are persistent and toxic. Every industry, business, and institution in the country can legally discharge 33 pounds of hazardous waste into sewage treatment plants, every month.These pollutants are removed from the waste water and end up in sludge.
There is no credible science to support using sludge as a fertilizer. Deaths and illnesses linked to land application have been documented in the peer reviewed literature. Cattle have been killed and land permanently poisoned by sludge. Ground water and wells have been impacted.
Absent any credible data to support this practice, PR tactics have to be used to deceive the media, public, and legislators that land application of sludge is safe. Spreading sludge compost on the lawns of the White House, on the lawns of various Governors' mansions, and in front of one of the Harvard Medical School buildings, is one of these PR gimmicks to persuade an increasingly skeptical public that sludge is not a pollutant, but a safe organic fertilizer.
For more information, visit www.sludgefacts.org.
The math doesn't work for
The math doesn't work for the sludge to be the culprit. Assume 10,000 lbs of dry sludge per acre were applied to the soil and the sludge has 237 ppm of lead. In the 10,000 lbs of sludge would be 2.37 lbs of lead. Add that 2.37 pounds of lead to 2,000,000 lbs of soil in the top 6 inches of an acre and you have a lead content from the sludge of 1.2 ppm. Even five applications of 10,000 lbs / acre would only result in a lead content of 6 ppm. What is a likely source in an urban area such as DC is lead from auto exhaust over many decades
Just how much lead was spread on the White House South Lawn?
TJK has little concept of how much sludge compost was spread on the White House lawn. Look at the brag sheet on how much ORGRO was spread on the South Lawn on April 15, 2004....1,500 cubic yards was spread on the 18 acres that is the South Lawn. A cubic yard of sewage sludge compost weighs about a ton. And ORGRO listed at 65% solids. So that makes 975 tonnes on 18 acres ...thus.. 54 dry tons per acre.
So while TJK thinks 10,000 lbs of sludge went on the lawn per acre...actually more than ten times that amount went on....108,000 lbs of sludge compost went on every acre.
And...if the lead level was 237 ppm, then that spreading of sludge added more than 12 ppm per acre.
Repeat that 5 times and the sludge compost will have raised the lead level in the soil of the South Lawn 70 ppm.
Maureen Reilly
Sludge Watch
...
Sludge isn't dry.
Toxic Sludge
An interesting article in Scientifice American that briefly touches on the subject. According to the author, much of the lead and other toxic metals in the sludge come from our plumbing (lead pipes) and need to replace with plastic (but of course there are problems with that (bisphenols). http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=phosphorus-a-looming-cr...
"We will also have to treat our wastewater to recover phosphorus from solid waste. This task is difficult because residual biosolids are contaminated with many pollutants, especially heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, which leach from old pipes. Making agriculture sustainable over the long term begins with renewing our efforts to phase out toxic metals from our plumbing." For the whole article see:http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=phosphorus-a-looming-crisis&page=3
especially heavy metals such
especially heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, which leach from old pipes.
Ho ho ha ha ... of course none of it comes from industrial emissions(intentional and un-), no-sir, can't happen here.
You'd think that Scientific American would at least add a caveat that industrial emissions also contribute, whether recent, or old deposits washed into the system by rain and meltwater.
...
The garden has been 'near' buildings that would shed lead based paint for over two hundred years, and lead was long used in the Washington area. That's the hazard of older cities.
The poo may have not helped any, either. Luckily, most plants have no use for lead, and don't draw it up into themselves. Of course, if we knew of a plant that did, we could use them to leech the soil...
Yes, plants do take up lead
Yes, plants do take up lead when it is in the soil and yes, they have been investigated for the purpose of cleaning up polluted soil and water
water clean up.
One plant that does clean up water far more efficiently than other techniques
is the squeezed seed of the moringa tree. This plant is called the miracle tree. There has got to be additional plants that can leech up the poisons in soils.
Lead in Lawns
tagged as:- result
It's not just lead in lawns and gardens in DC but it is lead in the air, lawns, gardens, waerways and inside homes in the SIlver Valley of N. Idaho that has created a toxic living envirnment for over 100 years.
Now the EPA is planning on expanding dumping ot toxic material in a flooded repository adjacent to the historic Cataldo Mission, further contaminating ther area.
There exists a health emergency in this community and downstream.
Please act now to have Lisa Jackson and Katherine Sebelius call for a moratorium in this action in defiance of the recent Inspector General's Report.
FMI: silvervalleyaction.com
Lead is here to stay
This is not a story in my view. Lead is everywhere in urban areas. The most common sources of lead in the environment come from nearly 100 years of leaded fuel and house paint. The dust that blows through any city with buildings more than 70 years old is filled with lead at a level of at least 100 PPM. Also the EPA reccomends that soild for root vegatables not be higher than 200 and for fruit vegtables not be above 400.
Like it or not lead is here to stay.
The story is, that "organic"
The story is, that "organic" sludge fertilizers are NOT NECESSARILY healthy for children and other living things. The story is, we need truth in labeling and truth in advertising. The story is, we need to do our own homework and not depend on our government to tell us what is good for us. Remember, corporations own our government so we need to look beyond government recommendations to see which industries benefit from government endorsements.
Lead is NOT everywhere
Rural farm land does NOT contain lead or any of the other thousands of industrial sludge-contaminants that impact soil, livestock,human health, and the environment. Therefore urban sewage sludge should not be spread on unpolluted rural farm land where we grow most of our feed, food and fiber. With climate change threatening many of the areas now being farmed, it is especially urgent to protect every remaining acre of arable land for future generations and to encourage small farming and garden enterprises,using sustainable practices.
Vegetables grown in urban gardens, in raised beds, using soils,composts, and mulches free from industrial pollutants, are perfectly wholesome and safe. I hope Michelle and other urban gardeners will not be discouraged by this story, but will continue to urge youngsters to plant, weed, harvest and eat vegetables grown on unpolluted soil.
Heavy Metals in Soil Amendments and Fertilizers
I highly recommend the book 'Fateful Harvest' by a journalist named Duff Wilson. He investigated the "recycling" of industrial waste products into fertilizer and soil amendments, a process hidden in plain sight which has been going on for decades. This has added heavy metals to our agricultural lands, including those in rural areas that are heavy users of soil amendments and fertilizers. He was nominated for a Pulitzer for the Seattle Times newspaper articles he later assembled into this book.
Look at all lead sources not just sludge
Look, I appreciate that there are serious health issues regarding treated sludge - but can we at least make an effort to not treat the lead at the south lawn like a hobby horse?
There are a variety of environmental sources for lead
1) airborne - the white house is in the middle of DC, on a major thoroughfare, and prob has a lot of accumulated exhaust/debris
2) sludge - there is certainly a metal issue here and;
3) WATER - I get a special report each year as a DC resident about water contamination from WASA. There is a huge issue with lead in the water in DC which you may not be aware of. In all likelyhood, the pipes leading to the WH are just like those in the rest of DC - they leach lead out PLUS you have standing water in the sprinkler lines, etc which also leach more lead out.
Lead in water
PLUS the lead-contaminated water is flushed into sewage treatment plants, which treats the waste water by removing the lead and transferring it to the resulting sludge which then is applied on the White House lawn.
Pollutants don't go away; they just get moved from one place to another. Most end up in sludge.
The problem is crapitalism
The problem is crapitalism and its sycophants in the PR racket.
Health issues beyond lead
Sewage sludge and composted sewage sludge can and do contain heavy metals. What is less well discussed is the level of pathogens and their genetic fragments contained within sewage sludge. Many pathogens require high-level disinfection, examples of such pathogens are the gut pathogens found on endoscopes. From the gut they reach the sewer. Few if any sewer plants attain this level of disinfection. Consequently, live pathogens are found in sewage sludge and their genetic information is found in composted sewage sludge.
That this level of disinfection is an issue may be seen from the news of March 26 in Miami-- Congressional leaders called for an investigation, the VA medical center after learning that equipment used in colonoscopies was not properly sterilized. Point here is to show how difficult it is to kill these pathogens.
There are several good papers discussing pathogens in sewage sludge as well as antibiotic resistant pathogens. Merely go to Google and then to Pubmed, put in the key words sewage and antibiotic resistance and you will find 368 abstracts of scientific papers on the subject. The interesting thing is that some of these works go back into the 1960s. This information has been around for a long time. Why have the regulators consistently ignored this body of literature. The spread of antibiotic resistance is now a global crisis. Thus the question, who is watching for the public health----certainly not EPA.
Sara Firl's paper should be read as also the work by Amy Pruden, who received a Presidential award for her work on antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs)and sewage (see citations below).
ARG are not affected by typical levels of chlorine used in wastewater or drinking water and thus are found, for example, in drinking derived from sewer water outfalls. One of the things that aids all of this is the lack of effectiveness in filter systems used in water treatment (waste or drinking). The gene fragments are too small, smaller that a virus.
The sewage sludge is a byproduct of sewage treatment, it is the removed solids. What ever goes down the sewer line is capable of being found in the sludge (biosoilds). This includes any number of industrial wastes that are allowed to be sewered; it also includes mortuary waste.
It will be very difficult to get the EPA to deal with this because that agency is promoting the land application of sewage sludge. How could it promote something that was also admitted to carry pathogens that allow antibiotic resistance----thus it can not discuss the subject. Nonetheless, I was on one of the EPA scientific panels and other scientists besides myself brought up this topic of transmission of antibiotic resistance, we brought it up but without any measurable effect on the agency.
The genetic information that allows for pathogenesis is capable of being transferred to soil bacteria, thus self-perpetuating lending libraries of this genetic information can be established. The pathogens can track up into the flesh of crops, thus no amount of surface washing has any effect.
The regulators under Bush devised several processes to assure that this subject was not well circulated.
Dr Edo McGowan
Citations:
Sara Firl----The Importance of Municipal Sewage Treatment in the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
106th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology
May 21-25, 2006, Orlando, Florida
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/10/061025185930.htm
http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?0615216
Lead in the Garden
A friend recently suggested I read the back of the packaging on a common garden hose. It indicates that there is lead in the hose and in the coupling and warns users to wash their hands after using the hose. Could this be a factor, as well?
A hundred bucks says the
A hundred bucks says the kids will stop ingesting the 70 pounds of lettuce they harvested. How was this elevated level of lead discovered?
And they are going to keep serving the vegies.... that's a hoot.
Sewage as fertilizer not allowed in US
I thought everyone knew about the problems in China and Mexico with human fecal matter and farming. Thats the reason for Horse and Cow manure. They don't teach this in seventh grade science any longer??
Sludge in the Garden
There are quite a few comments on the problem with Michelle Obama's organic garden but has anyone taken the time to confirm this story to be true. There is a statement in the article of various sources within the Buzz. Who are these sources? People please do not rush to judgment. Ensure the story is true. What has the White House said about this?
Here's another argument for
Here's another argument for soil testing before farms are granted their organic certification. When we were certified organic, soil testing was required. This is no longer the case. I'm hoping this will lead to changes in the NOP regs.
When the white house was
When the white house was being built 200 years ago 4000 pounds of white lead were delivered to the job sight to make paint with. After the White House was burnt by the British in 1814 it again took a equal amount of lead to repaint it. Over the next 158 years many tons of white lead made its way to the White House because white lead was the whitest most durable pigment available to painters. Other sources of lead such as paint, auto exhaust, plumbing materials and lead roof flashing need to be looked at before blaming the composted sludge as the primary source.
Most likely caised by Lead in garden hoses sold nationwide
All the major retailers sell garden hoses that have small warnings on them that say "Do not drink from this hose, this product contains lead", But who bothers to read the packages? We water our vegertable gardens, children and pets drink from these hoses, and now lead is found in White house Garden soil. Gee I wonder why? This is not a new discovery. Garden hoses with lead in them have been reported in the news siince 2007, yet it continues. Check it out for yourself. Goodle Lead in garden hoses, or check out the labels on the garden hoses next time you go to a store that sells them. We are being poisoned.
WHITE HOUSE GARDEN
I went by accident to that very strange Obama Food site, and read all the negative things they claimed about the MJ garden article. When I came to the MJ site...and actually read the articles..I have to totally agree with MJ. I might be a bit prejudice...as I have a hard time finding any truth in anything that comes out of this "Hope and Change" WH.
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